There's Ash Storm, but that doesn't do damage.
There are several metamagic feats you might be thinking of. There's Dazing Spell, which does what it says on the tin. Then you've got a few element-specific feats, like Rime Spell, which works on cold spells and entangles targets, or Concussive Spell, which works on sonic spells and gives a general debuff.Isn't there a Metamagic effect that can be added to various spells? It can add effects like Nausiate or Stun or Daze or something?
4d6 damage +1/level, and the status is fatigued or exhausted (if they're already fatigued).Sirroco-XD6 Damage, can knock enemies prone, great for countering flyers. Also it has a status effect, though I forget what it is.
I'm not sure debuffs and control are the same thing. Entangled is both a control and debuff effect, because it limits movement, and dazed is definitely control because it limits actions. But things like fatigued or deafened or whatnot are really in the debuff realm.