Different Keys (White 2 gets Easy Mode, White Forest, and Regice keys, Black 2 gets Challenge Mode, Black City, and Registeel keys) and several different areas (Opelucid and Black City/White Forest are as they were, but Victory Road and the Plasma Frigate have two different paths each, Route 4 is either developed or has excavated ruins, and Reversal Mountain is filled with underground pools of either water (B2) or magma (W2)... you can't cross them either way, though).
You also receive different Funfest missions, your fans have different shop items in Join Avenue, and the eyecatch and battle displays are either black or white.If you have the M14 Reshiram, this is a moot point.