I think 'nuclear explosion' may be hyperbole, but it was certainly a very large bang. Large enough to knock down significant portions of castle, at a range of a hundred yards or so. That makes it huge by conventional-bomb standards (a castle wall is typically at least 6' thickness of close-fitted stone), and I would certainly expect someone standing right next to it to be, at best, liquidised.
However, this is D&D, where you can make a saving throw to survive being hit with a 'Disintegrate' ray. My former DM had a house rule - more for amusement value than anything else - that any time you rolled a natural 20 on your saving throw, you took no damage at all from the immediate effect, no matter how apocalyptic. So to me, it seemed "impossible, but well within the spirit of impossible things that D&D allows".