Of the six attributes found in D&D and many of its derivatives, my favorites are Strenght, Constitution and Intelligence. Mainly because they can actually be defined in a way that's measurable, so you can take one table from a game and another one from reality and compare people in an useful way.

Dexterity, Wisdom and Charisma, on the other hand, are awful, because as written they include traits that correlate only very weakly, or not at all. As a result, you can't measure them and can't do comparisons between characters and real people.

Of all various traits I've seen used as "basic attributes" in games, I have to say my favorite is "Sisu", roughly translating to Willpower or "grim determination". While it's hard to measure scientifically, it's very easy to grasp intuitively and immediately informs something of the character's personality, ie., their role.