A149a: It's found as the inverse of this rule:

Land

Land speed is the normal mode of movement for creatures that do not burrow, climb, fly, or swim.
If a creature has a climb speed therefore, they cannot use their land speed by default to climb with, because only creatures without a climb speed can do that.

A149b: Yes, by RAW it is possible to climb faster than you can move on the ground, provided you don't use "Accelerated Climb." Given the language present in accelerated climb, this may not have been intended.

A150: "Fey Eidolon" is not a modification or replacement of the eidolon ability itself, therefore this combination is allowed until they add that text via FAQ/errata. (Rather, it sets your unchained eidolon's subtype.)

A151: While the two archetypes can be combined, a Synthesist cannot take separate actions from his eidolon and therefore you can't actually use the lynchpin "Blood Feast" ability (which requires a standard action from each of you by RAW.)

A152: By RAW the feat is more specific and thus you use the longer duration. RAW is a double-edged sword though - by RAW, the feat only gives you one trap, and all other traps you learn from the class feature fall under the general Ranger Trap rules, which specify hours per level for Supernatural traps.

A153: Wrong thread

A155: As long as the corpse counts as a corpse (i.e. it's intact) it should work. Generally it won't matter though as most of the CU creatures have specific stats (e.g. wights and mummies) whether you start from a hill giant or a halfling.

A156: Though the part after the comma specifically refers to spells, the first part is a complete clause, rendering it ambiguous and thus up to a GM to have the final say. I would let players skip any saving throw they wanted personally, unless of course they were under someone or something else's control.