What ways are there to disrupt spellcasting in 5e?

[DMThac0]

I mean...by virtue of the fact that counterspell occurs DURING A CAST would seem to indicate that if you went immediately from casting to being finished casting there is no window of opportunity to counter it....and yet counter spell describes inside the ruleset, a window of opportunity between starting and finishing a spell cast.

If you stop a character from providing all the components of a spell -even during the process of casting- the spell does not go off and the spell slot is not used. Counterspell dictates specifically that the spell finishes but instead fails.

This is a case of specific beats general. Counterspell specifically states that it interrupts the spell, where as none of the other actions suggested (aside from the one Ranger subclass) have that specification. That makes the Counterspell unique in this ability not the rule.