A boiled sweet is what Americans call a hard candy, generally. I've yet to try a soft boiled sweet (the local confectionery* only makes hard versions of 'boiled sweets'), but I think that would fall into the taffy category. Black-and-white-striped mint candies are "bulls-eyes" here.

Swedish teacake = flat bready disk, no known English equivalent.
British teacake = marshmallow on wafer base, covered in chocolate = Irish mallow cup (also made by said confectionery, and those are 1000x better fresh and warm from the shop window) = American uncooked s'more.