Um, check my math, but:
Width: 10 miles
Length: 500 miles
Layers: 40
Average Height of buildings in layers: 3 floors, 10m
Average Height (very roughly) of buildings in Tokyo: 200m
Layers Tokyo would take up: 20
Effective Layers, taking into account Tokyo-type density: 2
Effective Area: 10x500x2 = 10,000 miles (16,093 km)
If pop Density = Tokyo, pop: 151,430,000
I know I'm not taking into account extra planes and caverns, but still! Even if we half the (very roughly estimated) average height of buildings in Tokyo, even quarter it, we still end up with significantly less than 1 billion!
Although- don't forget that even a city with 150m people in it is still a lot larger than most countries. I don't know if we need to have 1 billion people, it can still be the hub of the world with a much more modest population size.